This case clarifies that under the statutory civil enforcement scheme, the owner of the vehicle remains liable for penalty charge, even if the vehicle was in the care of a third party.

The adjudicator’s decision in this case was confirmed in the High Court in:
R v the Parking Adjudicator ex parte The Mayor and Burgesses of the London Borough of Wandsworth QBCOF 96/1153/D (opens in new tab).

This decision is therefore binding on adjudicators, meaning they must apply the principle to the facts of any relevant case.