Find Key Cases

Browse key cases using the filter for either ‘Contravention type’ OR ‘Issue’. Alternatively, use the ‘Search…’ box to find cases through a custom query.

Cases on the site currently cover parking, bus lane, moving traffic and road user charging, including the London Congestion Charge and Clean Air Zones (outside London). More cases and contravention types will be added in due course.

• All Contravention Types Bus Lanes Clean Air Zone Congestion Charge Low Emission Zone Moving Traffic Parking
• All Issues 50% Discount Accuracy Adjudicator discretion Alterations / modifications Approved device / camera Attended / unattended vehicle Bill of Rights Blue Badge Box Junction Bus Gate Bus Stop Camera Enforcement Classification of vehicle Conditions of use Consent to use vehicle Consolidated appeal Content of PCN / documents Controlled Parking Zone Council discretion De minimis Delivering goods Double Yellow Lines Dropped footway DVLA Emergency Enforcement powers Errors Fairness Footway / pavement / verge Foreign language Garage / repairs Goods vehicle Grace Period Hire Vehicle Hours of operation Impartiality Incomplete paperwork Intention Judicial independence Keep Clear Legal basis Legislation Liability Loading / Unloading Loading Bay Lost / removed PCN Low Emission Zone Mitigating circumstances Multiple PCNs Observation Period Ostensible authority Ownership Panel decision Pay & Display Pay before appeal Payment PCN not received Permitted vehicles Phone / Mobile Apps PHV / Taxi Private land Procedural irregularity Procedure Proportionality Public holidays Reason to pull over Reasonable time Red Route Registered Keeper Regulations Remain in vehicle Repeater signs Representations Review appeal Right to park Sat Nav School Service of PCN Signs / Lines Special enforcement area Standard / burden of proof Stationary vehicle Stopping / Waiting Strict Liability Substantial compliance Third Party Time limits Traffic Signs Manual Unofficial website Visitor / Unfamiliar area Wheelchair Zigzags
• All Decision Outcomes Allowed Consent Order Dismissed Judicial Review

Clear filters

Please note: All adjudicator decisions included on this website are in the public domain. While they have been curated together here for the convenience and interest of users, any information contained within the decisions remains the responsibility of the original adjudicating body. Any questions relating to the content of cases should also be directed to the adjudicating body.

Mr A – v – Birmingham City Council
(KW03291-2411)

Traffic Penalty Tribunal

Decision Date: 2024-12-04

Outcome: Dismissed

• Clean Air Zone
• Adjudicator discretion
• Council discretion
• Hours of operation
• Mitigating circumstances
• Payment
• Strict Liability
• Time limits

This case clarifies that a clean air zone charge applies from midnight to midnight. A vehicle remaining in a zone after 11.59pm becomes liable for the following day’s charge, even if the vehicle only remains in the zone for a limited period after midnight, and only due to heavy traffic. The circumstances described in this and such a case do not provide a ground of appeal under the statutory fixed penalty scheme. They amount to mitigation that the adjudicator does not have the power to consider.

Read adjudicator's decision in full

Mr D – v – Blackpool Borough Council
(BP00066-2409)

Traffic Penalty Tribunal

Decision Date: 2024-10-22

Outcome: Dismissed

• Bus Lanes
• Council discretion
• De minimis
• Hours of operation
• Mitigating circumstances
• Signs / Lines
• Strict Liability
• Time limits

This case clarifies that there is no concept of a ‘near miss’ in public law. That the motorist entered a bus lane shortly before time restrictions were lifted is mitigation, not a ground of appeal.

Read adjudicator's decision in full